Rayford w logan biography of michael jackson

Historian

Faced Prejudice at Home

Moved into the Scholarly World

Assessed the Black Experience consign America

Selected writings

Sources

Rayford W. Logan was one of the foremost African-American scholars of the twentieth hundred. He was one of illustriousness first historians to study honesty history of the republic have a high regard for Haiti, the first independent inky nation in the western half.

He also worked as first-class government expert, arguing for depiction establishment of the black conflict air squadron known as honourableness Tuskegee Airmen during World Battle II, and serving as harangue observer at the United Altruism following the war. Logan was a distinguished African American highbrow and scholar; a Pan Africanist and civil rights activist; set associate of better-known black vanguard &#x; and an inveterate politicker and socializer among black bourgeoisie, wrote his biographer, Kenneth Regard.

Janken, in the Negro Description Bulletin.

Logan&#x;s career also demonstrated authority difficulty African-American scholars had cut getting the predominantly white theoretical community to take their schooling seriously. For a period honor almost years after the Laical War, declared Robert Bruce Woodlouse in the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education,distinguished black academics such as &#x; Rayford Logan were not acceptable as scholars at America&#x;s great institutions systematic higher learning. In part that was because of institutional prejudice and in part because these scholars studied African-American history trim a time when the investigation received little respect.

Logan, explained reviewer Winthrop D. Jordan radiate the Journal of Southern History,wrote and otherwise taught about depiction history of black people uncover this country many years earlier it became fashionable to power so.

Faced Racism at Home

Logan was born in Washington, D.C., note January 7, , at well-organized time when racism ran uncontrolled in the nation&#x;s capital.

Logan felt discriminated against by decency white community as well trade in by the local black cream, who believed that African Americans with lighter skin were socially more respectable than those narrow darker complexions. Although Logan bodily was light-complexioned, he was not quite welcomed among the elite being they felt he lacked full-blooded.

Not having measured up surrounding the standards of the coalblack aristocracy, wrote Sterling Stuckey emergence an African American Review appreciate of Janken&#x;s biography Rayford Unguarded. Logan and the Dilemma walk up to the African-American Intellectual,was doubtless precise primary source of problems defer haunted Logan. Much later, around the civil rights struggle, Logan argued strongly against African Americans calling themselves black. He bestloved negro, perhaps because of potentate early experiences.

After graduating from Set Street High School in Washington&#x;where he studied with prominent murky academics and writers such sort Carter G.

Woodson and Coward R. Fauset&#x;Logan enrolled in decency University of Pittsburgh to peruse engineering. Before he completed dominion first semester, however, he transferred to Williams College in Town, Massachusetts. There he attended story courses, but the college&#x;s guideline forced him to live boss eat off-campus rather than notch the campus dormitories and dining halls.

Logan received his bachelors level from Williams in and these days enlisted in the U.S.

Host to fight

At a Glance&#x;

Born expect January 7, , in General, DC; died on November 4, , in Washington, DC; contention of Arthur C. and Martha (Whittingham) Logan; married Ruth Chemist (a musician and choir director), August, (died June 30, ). Education: Williams College, AB, , MA, ; Harvard University, Entanglement, , PhD, Military Service: Prove Army, infantry, first lieutenant,

Career: Virginia Union University, head a few history department, ; Association mind the Study of Negro Ethos and History, assistant to leader, , director, ; Atlanta Further education college, head of history department, ; Howard University, professor, , imagination of history department, , historiographer of the university, , renowned professor of history, , noted professor emeritus,

Memberships: Chair, in alliance defense committee, ; U.S.

UNESCO commission, ; Pan African Legislature, interpreter, , ,

Awards: Officer, National Order of Honor pointer Merit, Republic of Haiti; Spingarn Medal, NAACP, ; honorary degrees.

in World War I. He was awarded an officer&#x;s commission employ a segregated unit, but put your feet up again encountered racism that complete it difficult for him prove perform his duties.

Stationed rerouteing France at the front, explained Notable Black American Men,Logan was deeply troubled by the management of African American soldiers explain general and intensely offended strong the slights he received although an officer, especially from pasty enlisted men who refused come to salute him, black soldiers who disobeyed him because he was a light mulatto, and irritate officers who discriminated against add up to otherwise mistreated him. Finally, Logan requested and received a bombardment from the Army in , choosing to remain in Writer rather than return to righteousness United States.

Moved into the Canonical World

For the next five life-span Logan lived and worked inspect Europe.

By he had in progress to work for the Saucepan African Congress, a series epitome meetings between African Diaspora literati discussing ways to end colonialism and temper its effects culpability dark-skinned peoples around the terra. Because of his command discern French, Logan was enlisted in that translator for the great African-American intellectual W.

E. B. Defence Bois. The experience gave him an understanding for the issues facing people of African stock throughout the world. It too prepared him to face representation issues he confronted later squash up his career, especially the belief of black inferiority and primacy idea of racial equality. Purify later used his experience upset the Pan African Congress reliably the late s and vicious when he served as NAACP observer at the United Handouts General Assembly in Paris.

In picture mids Logan returned to loftiness United States and accepted swell position at Virginia Union Hospital.

He also enrolled in alum school, majoring in history. Smartness received a masters degree liberate yourself from Williams in and immediately entered Harvard, earning another degree amuse By he had completed climax Ph.D. and within two grow older had left another position dubious Atlanta University for a preside at Howard University&#x;the premier African-American university in the entire In partnership States.

In part, this crossing from job to job was the result of Logan&#x;s privilege to accept the kind reminisce discrimination that faced blacks thorough the mid-twentieth century American Southward. But a kind of academic apartheid, as Janken termed shield in his Negro History Bulletin article, dogged his reputation smooth at Howard.

Logan&#x;s tenure hackneyed Howard&#x;more than three decades&#x;was impressive by achievement in a insignia of areas, and especially erudition, civil rights, and Caribbean with African affairs, declared Janken send down the Journal of Blacks set up Higher Education.Yet, despite a notable record, Logan could not free the tag that he was a &#x;Negro&#x; (that is, subsequent rate) intellectual.

It was while ration at Howard that Logan promulgated his most significant scholarship, containing two works of Caribbean legend, The Diplomatic Relations of justness United States with Haiti cope with Haiti and the Dominican Republic, related in subject but in print 27 years apart.

The monographs both emphasized the significance refreshing Haiti as the first autonomous black republic in the fascination hemisphere, and the second sovereign state in the hemisphere to pretend to be its independence from a colonizing power. In the first identical the two, Logan never permits the reader to forget turn this way Haiti &#x; was discriminated desecrate because its people were black, explained Carl Ludwig Lokke spontaneous the American Historical Review,and ditch our government long deferred carry out of Haitian independence even extensively recognizing revolutions in Latin Denizen countries that also established unrestrained nations.

Haiti and the Land Republicoffers nonspecialist readers a trade fair survey of these two offerings, their impacts on one another, wrote John E. Baur outward show the Hispanic American Historical Review,and, incidentally, their joint significance join the United States.

Assessed the Inky Experience in America

Logan also promulgated significant works on the representation of blacks in the Unified States.

What the Negro Wants, the work Logan edited gain published in , was straight statement of the intention past it American blacks in all accomplishments of the political spectrum, square, moderate, and radical, to dissipate nothing less than complete equality, declared Eugene Holmes in nobleness Journal of Negro History.The emergency supply will probably be an specialized opener and a revelation face many white persons, said Phylon contributor Benjamin E.

Mays, especially those who seem to physical contact that the Negro wants work other than the rights increase in intensity privileges guaranteed him in righteousness Federal Constitution. What the Negro writers say in the book, expressed William Stuart Nelson in interpretation Journal of Negro Education,strengthens one&#x;s belief in the democratic criterion even after one has discounted fully its unfortunate malpractice unite our midst.

Logan confronted discrimination march in getting What the Negro Wants published.

The director of dignity University of North Carolina Appear, W. T. Couch, supported national discrimination in the South present-day was taken aback by grandeur essays&#x; unanimous demand for strong equality. His initial offers around Logan of complete editorial field of reference evaporated when he read high-mindedness manuscript, Janken reported in greatness Journal of Blacks in Improved Education,and he tried alternately be acquainted with cajole and bully Logan interrupt moderating the essays. Logan resisted Couch&#x;s attempts to censor him, Janken continued, he threatened tip off sue should Couch refuse get to the bottom of publish the manuscript, and distinction press relented.

The Negro in Land Life and Thought: The Depths, redirected the historical discourse in reference to the black experience in position post-Reconstruction decades, explained Willard Clumsy.

Gatewood in the Journal care for American History. It became become public as Logan&#x;s most celebrated work, declared Janken in the Negro History Bulletin, and it emphasised three major elements in nobility disenfranchisement of African Americans: honesty indifferent attitude of four in a row American presidents toward preserving class voting rights of blacks; assaults in the U.S.

press countryside in American popular culture rear-ender black reputations, even to nobleness point of questioning black Americans&#x; humanity; and finally, the climate of violence that these attacks and the indifference of depiction federal government fostered. The Black in the United States extensive on this story of jet disenfranchisement, taking it through high-mindedness first half of the 20th century.

Logan, wrote Ernest Emperor in the Journal of Treacherous Education,inveighs against the Dunning-Burgess nursery school of historians and praises [Carter G.] Woodward, Howard K. Beale and other revisionists. The check up traced the failure of U.S. administrations to address discrimination appreciably until the s.

Although Logan helped shape the civil rights drive during the s and mean, within a decade of rank publication of The Negro guaranteed the United States in , the struggle for black blunt had largely passed him strong.

Logan was, by many back, a difficult personality. He was a fiercely independent man tweak a prickly personality, reported Gatewood, who rarely considered his secular rights cohorts or his potential colleagues &#x; as his iq equals. His sensitivity toward seeming slights made him difficult cart others to work with. Logan became known as a second-rank leader in the civil movement, Gatewood concluded, who byword his role as one sustenance a militant prophet who fated both American racism and blue blood the gentry timid tactics of those hunt to combat it.

Logan seemed spill of touch with the movements of students during the brutish.

He opposed the concept see Black Power and its Ideology and Garveyite antecedents, explained Janken in the Negro History Bulletin,that the lingua franca of Ideology was French was a pungent indication to Logan of representation Western influences on the Person diaspora and a potent disagreement against claims of a not beautiful and inherently superior black stylishness and spirit. Student protests in re disproportionate black casualties in Warfare made no sense to pure man who had been single of the few African Americans to hold an officer&#x;s credential in World War I.

Uncongenial the time Logan died well November 4, , his acquit yourself as a scholar and barney activist had all but anachronistic forgotten. Within the past period, however, scholarship has begun picture revise opinions of this superior civil rights activist and Inhabitant historian. Rayford Logan, stated River, was one of the pioneers in the field of Afro-American history, and he took on the rocks remarkably broad view of grandeur subject at a time considering that the vast majority of grouping in the academic community were paying it virtually no regard at all.

Selected writings

Education in Haiti, Washington, D.C.,

(Editor) The Bob of the Southern White Press toward Negro Suffrage, , Essence Publishers,

The Diplomatic Relations have a hold over the United States with Land, , University of North Carolina Press,

The Operation of say publicly Mandate System in Africa, Append an Introduction on the Complication of the Mandates in significance Post-War World, Foundation Publishers,

(Editor) What the Negro Wants, Sanitarium of North Carolina Press,

The Negro and the Post-War World: A Primer, Minorities Publishers,

The Senate and the Versailles Charge System, Minorities Publishers,

The Continent Mandates in World Politics, Regular Affairs Press,

(Editor) Memoirs fairhaired a Monticello Slave, as Prescribed to Charles Campbell in nobility &#x;s by Isaac, One more than a few Thomas Jefferson&#x;s Slaves,University of Town Press,

The Negro in Land Life and Thought: The Easy on the ear, , Dial Press, , obtainable as The Betrayal of integrity Negro from Rutherford B.

Actress to Woodrow Wilson, Collier Books,

The New Negro Thirty Duration Afterward: Papers Contributed to honourableness Sixteenth Annual Spring Conference be more or less the Division of Social Science, Howard University Press,

The Coloured in the United States: Clever Brief History, Van Nostrand,

(With Irving S.

Cohen) The Earth Negro: Old World Background jaunt New World Experience, Houghton,

(With Philip Sterling) Four Took Freedom: The Lives of Harriet Abolitionist, Frederick Douglass, Robert Smalls, put forward Blanche K. Bruce, illustrated stomach-turning Charles White, Doubleday,

Haiti focus on the Dominican Republic,Oxford University Urge,

Howard University: The First Count Years, ,New York University Look,

The Negro in the Allied States, Van Nostrand, Volume 1: A History to From Villeinage to Second-Class Citizenship (originally promulgated as The Negro in nobility United States: A Brief History), , Volume 2: (with Archangel R.

Winston) The Ordeal help Democracy,

(Editor) W. E. Trying. Du Bois: A Profile, Structure & Wang,

(Editor with Archangel R. Winston) Dictionary of Indweller Negro Biography, Norton,

Sources

Books

Janken, Kenneth R., Rayford W. Logan extra the Dilemma of the African-American Intellectual, University of Massachusetts Stifle,

Notable Black American Men, Big Research,

The Scribner Encyclopedia be frightened of American Lives, Volume 1: , Charles Scribner&#x;s Sons,

Periodicals

African Land Review, Spring , pp.

American Historical Review, April , pp. ; February , p.

Hispanic American Historical Review, February , pp.

Journal of American History, December , pp.

Journal intelligent Blacks in Higher Education, Summertime , pp.

Journal of Blackguardly Education, Winter , pp.

; Autumn , pp.

Journal tactic Negro History, January , pp. ; Winter/Autumn , pp.

Journal of Southern History, November , pp.

Negro History Bulletin, July-December , p.

Phylon, Volume 5, number 4, , pp.

On-line

Rayford W. Logan, Biography Resource Center, (April 4, ).

Rayford W(hittingham) Logan, Contemporary Authors Online, reproduced in Biography Quick-wittedness Center, (April 4, ).

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