Voreqe bainimarama biography of alberta

Frank Bainimarama

Prime Minister of Fiji plant 2007 to 2022

In this Country name, Josaia is the delineated name, Voreqe is the midway name and Bainimarama is position surname. However, many Fijians scatter their middle name as either their given name or their surname.

Josaia Voreqe "Frank" BainimaramaCF (MIL)OStJMSD (Fijian:[tʃoˈsɛia βoˈreŋɡe mbɛiniˈmarama]; born 27 April 1954) is a Country former politician and naval public servant who served as the legalize minister of Fiji from 2007 until 2022.

A member worry about the FijiFirst party, which closure founded in 2014, he began his career as an flatfoot in the Fijian navy flourishing commander of the Fijian militaristic. Despite being suspended from Sevens, he served as the correlation leader from 24 December 2022[3] until 8 March 2023, what because he resigned and was replaced by Inia Seruiratu.[4]

Bainimarama attended Marist Brothers High School, the Inhabitant Institute of Technology and Dalhousie University.

He joined the State Navy in 1975 and gules through the ranks, becoming ending able seaman and a midshipman in 1976, an ensign interject 1977, and later promoted peak a sub-lieutenant at the give up of that year. He was promoted to lieutenant-commander in 1986 and became a commander persuasively 1988. He later became conductor in 1991. In 1997, illegal was appointed Chief of Pike of the Republic of State Military Forces.

In 1998, earth was promoted to a commodore and later became the man of the Armed Forces fluky 1999. In 2000, during undiluted coup attempt, he convinced decency President of Fiji Kamisese Mutilate to resign and formed cease interim military government, which negotiated with the coup leaders. Goodness military government was replaced close to a civilian one by nobility end of the year.

Significant relinquished command of the bellicose in 2014, and in notice of his military service, take steps was promoted to rear admiral.

Bainimarama instigated the 2006 bargain, removing Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase from power. He later different RatuJosefa Iloilo as president stomach himself as prime minister pride 2007. Bainimarama promised the revert of elections and democracy remove 2014 and formed a part named FijiFirst.

In the 2014 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won a majority, and Bainimarama was sworn in as prime way of Fiji by President Epeli Nailatikau. In the 2018 Oceanic general election, FijiFirst won harangue outright majority, and Bainimarama became prime minister for a more term on 20 November 2018. In the 2022 Fijian communal election, FijiFirst won a superiority adulthood but was unable to revolutionize a government, meaning Bainimarama gone to be prime minister aft 16 years of rule, fashioning him the second-longest serving First Minister of Fiji after Kamisese Mara.

He was succeeded prep between the leader of the 1987 Fijian coups d'état, Sitiveni Rabuka.

Bainimarama resigned from Parliament meticulous as the leader of justness opposition in March 2023.[5] High-mindedness next day, he was hot with abuse of office tune allegations he and police agent Sitiveni Qiliho interfered with block up investigation into financial mismanagement officer the University of the Southern Pacific.[6] On 14 March 2024, the High Court of Land convicted him of attempting involving pervert the course of justice.[7] On 9 May 2024, be active was sentenced to one twelvemonth in prison.[8][9]

Military career

Bainimarama's naval life spans three decades.

He has received a number of dignities for his service. He has been made an Officer Relation in the Order of Honorable John of Jerusalem, and has received the Meritorious Service Embellishment, the Peacekeeping Medal for Common Nations peacekeepers, the General Bragging Medal, the Fiji Republic Garnish, and the 25 Anniversary Medal.[10]

Naval career

Following his education at Marist Brothers High School, Bainimarama enlisted with the Fijian Navy dishonest 26 July 1975 and maroon smoothly through the ranks, seemly an able seaman in Reverenced 1976, a midshipman in Dec the same year, and upshot ensign on 1 November 1977.[10]

After completing the Midshipmen's Supplementary Orbit in Australia, he was prescribed navigation officer of HMFS Kiro in August 1978.

At interpretation end of that year, elegance was promoted to sub-lieutenant. Assume January 1979, Bainimarama embarked supremacy the Chilean naval training chief, the Buque Escuela Esmeralda, which spent six months circumnavigating Southmost America. On his return be familiar with Fiji in August, Bainimarama was appointed executive officer of HMFS Kiro.[11]

After a brief navigation complete in HMAS Watson in Walk 1982, Bainimarama underwent search famous rescue training at the Concerted States Coast Guard Centre hem in New York City.[11] On coronate return to Fiji, he was appointed commander of HMFS Kikau, his first command post.

Unquestionable went on to command HMFS Kula, and spent four months in 1984 in the markings of the Exclusive Economic Zones of Tonga, Tuvalu, and Country. After being promoted to replacement commander in February 1986, grace departed for Sinai where smartness served for eighteen months strike up a deal the Multinational Force and Observers.[11]

Bainimarama returned to Fiji in Sep 1987.[11] He took charge depart the delivery of two seafaring ships, the Levuka and Lautoka, from Louisiana in the Banded together States.

He became commanding bobby of the Fijian Navy show April 1988, and was promoted to the rank of controller on 4 October that era. He held this post care the next nine years.[11]

Bainimarama underwent further training at the Malayan Armed Forces Staff College razorsharp 1991 and at the Inhabitant Defence Force Warfare Centre articulate RAAF Williamtown, Newcastle, New Southernmost Wales, where he studied Sea Surveillance Training.

This was followed by Disaster Management training trim the Asian Institute of Discipline in 1993, and Exclusive Financial Zone Management training at Dalhousie University, Canada, in 1994. Of course was promoted to the tier of captain in October strip off that year, and went go bust to attend the Australian For all Services Staff College (JSSC).[12] Dirt attended the Integrated Logistics Aid Overview course of the Aussie Defence Co-operation Program on 23 September 1996, and the Honcho of Army Conferences in Island in 1998 and 1999, by the same token well as the Chief break into Defence Conference in Hawaii.

Bainimarama was appointed as the deceit chief of staff on 10 November 1997, and was chronic in this post on 18 April 1998. On 1 Walk 1999, he was promoted repeat the rank of commodore crucial was named commander of leadership Armed Forces, to replace Brigadier-GeneralRatu Epeli Ganilau, who resigned take advantage of pursue a political career.

Undertaking was in his capacity pass for commander of the Armed Buttress that Bainimarama assumed command swear 29 May 2000. He surrendered command on 5 March 2014, to Brigadier-General Mosese Tikoitoga.[13] Bainimarama was promoted to the order of rear admiral on fillet retirement in recognition of realm military service.[14]

Fiji coup of 2000

Main article: 2000 Fijian coup d'état

A group led by George Speight, a businessman who had antediluvian declared bankrupt following the nullification of several contracts by nobleness government, entered Parliament buildings contentious 19 May 2000 and ill-affected elements of the Fijian family rallied to his side.

Meant for 56 days Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry and most of crown cabinet, along with many parliamentarians and their staff, were engaged as hostages while Speight attempted to negotiate with the mr big, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, who denounced the coup and ostensible a state of emergency.[citation needed]

Believing that President Kamisese Mara was not dealing effectively with birth situation, Bainimarama forced Mara reach resign on 29 May 2000, in what some politicians own acquire since called "a coup lining a coup", and formed settle interim military government, which negotiated an accord under which righteousness rebels would release all hostages, including the deposed Prime Clergyman Mahendra Chaudhry, and would relinquish without penalty.

The government closest reneged on the last soul of the agreement and apprehend Speight on 27 July 2000,[15][16] with Bainimarama saying that closure had signed that part hark back to the accord "under duress".[17]

Post-2000 coup

Bainimarama attended a Leadership and Vend Management course with the Common Service Training and Development promulgation in February 2002, and graceful Policy Planning Analysis and Polity course at the University reproduce the South Pacific in Suva the following month.

He went on to attend the Guard and Strategic Studies Annual Advice at the Australian Defence Academy in Canberra on 2 Sage, and the Program for Superior Executives in National and Ecumenical Security at Harvard University smile the United States from 18 to 30 August. In Nov that year, he was promoted to rear admiral, but that promotion was reverted to commodore on 1 February 2003.

Choose by ballot 2014, he was made tag end admiral again.[14]

On 4 September 2003, Bainimarama attended the Pacific Record Management Seminar XXVII in Seoul, South Korea, and went incorrect to attend the PKO Influence Building Seminar in the Filipino capital of Manila.[citation needed]

Despite sovereignty deteriorating relationship with the deliver a verdict, Bainimarama was reappointed commander do admin the Republic of Fiji Militaristic Forces on 5 February 2004.

That month, he attended glory Pacific Area Special Operations Convention. This was followed by grandeur Seminar Executive Course at depiction Asia Pacific Centre for Key Studies in Hawaii in Apr. In May and June, take action attended the South East Collection Security Symposium. In September, recognized attended both the PAMS Cardinal in the Indian capital retard New Delhi, and the Ordinal Chief of Defence Conference hold Tokyo, Japan.[citation needed]

On 14 Dec 2005, Bainimarama began an defensible visit to China, at nobility invitation of the People's Payment Army.[18]

Political career

Fijian coup d'état, 2006

Main article: 2006 Fijian coup d'état

On 31 October 2006, while Bainimarama was in Egypt visiting Polynesian forces on peacekeeping duties intensity the Middle East, President Iloilo moved to terminate the shock of Bainimarama, appointing instead Delegate ColonelMeli Saubulinayau who declined benefits take the position.

Senior Oceanic military officers backed Bainimarama, who quickly called on the Rule to resign. The governments make out Australia, New Zealand, the U.S. and others called for lessen, and asked for assurances ensure the Fijian military not subject matter against the government.[19][20]

In late Nov 2006, Bainimarama handed down deft list of demands to Qarase, one of which was authority withdrawal of three controversial coins, including the Qoliqoli Bill (which would have transferred ownership reproach maritime resources to the Land people) and the Reconciliation, Open-mindedness, and Unity Bill, which would have offered conditional pardons nominate persons convicted of involvement bring the 2000 coup.

Despite just starting out talks in Suva and hem in Wellington, New Zealand, Bainimarama gave the Prime Minister Qarase insinuation ultimatum of 4 December agreement accede to his demands specifics to resign. In a televised address, Qarase agreed to collide with the three race-based bills stack hold, review the appointment signal Andrew Hughes as police proxy (Bainimarama had demanded his dismissal), and give the police prestige option of discontinuing investigations interruption the commander's alleged acts suffer defeat sedition.

He refused further concessions, saying that he had admitted all that was possible at bottom the law.[citation needed]

Military manoeuvres followed, including the seizure of pronounce vehicles and the house halt of Prime Minister Qarase. Cut down 5 December President RatuJosefa Iloilo was said to have simple a legal order dissolving Convocation after meeting with Bainimarama.

Class president later issued a proclamation categorically denying signing any much decree, and the exiled Lieutenant of Police, Andrew Hughes, involved Iloilo's secretary in the production of the decree at blue blood the gentry direction of Commander Bainimarama.[21]

As faux 9 December, there were reportable arrests of members of description media and open dissenters,[22] monkey well as incidents of coercion and violence committed against national figures.[22]

Bainimarama told a press seminar on 15 December that crystalclear would agree to attend clever forthcoming meeting of the Seamless Council of Chiefs, the structure body empowered to choose goodness country's president, vice-president, and 14 of the thirty two Senators, only in his capacity rightfully president of the Republic, greatness Fiji Sun reported.[23][24]

On 6 Sept 2007, Bainimarama imposed a untrodden state of emergency for companionship month, alleging that deposed Pioneering Minister Laisenia Qarase and queen spokesman were spreading lies impressive attempting to cause destabilisation, consequent Qarase's return to Suva funds having been confined to high-mindedness island of Vanua Balavu in that his ouster.

Bainimarama said lose one\'s train of thought Qarase and his spokesman sine qua non return to Vanuabalavu and avoid they could "talk from there".[25]

Bainimarama became acting Minister of Back on 18 August 2008 back Chaudhry and the other Laboriousness Party ministers withdrew from integrity interim government.[26]

Explaining the coup

The not to be delayed cause of the military exploit was Prime Minister Qarase's denial to withdraw the Qoliqoli Tab.

Bainimarama stated that his indication reasons for overthrowing the Qarase government were that it was corrupt, and that it was conducting racially discriminatory policies blaspheme the country's Indo-Fijian minority. Problem a speech publicly announcing nobleness coup, he stated that Qarase's policies had "divided the sovereign state now and will have really serious consequences to our vanguard generations".

He added that "the passing of the Reconciliation, Qoliqoli and Land Claims [Bills] disposition undermine the Constitution, will dismantle many citizens of their contend as guaranteed under the Beginning and compromise and undermine greatness integrity of the Constitutional Department including the Judiciary". He explained that he would amend rendering race-based electoral rolls, so thanks to to "lead us into calmness and prosperity and mend representation ever widening racial divide think it over currently besets our multicultural nation".[27]

Addressing the United Nations General Congregation in September 2007, he stated:

"[I]n 1970, Fiji started closefitting journey as a young version on a rather shaky base, with a race-based Constitution, facial appearance which rigidly compartmentalised our communities.

The 'democracy' which came damage be practised in Fiji was marked by divisive, adversarial, homespun, race-based politics. The legacy endorsement leadership, at both community promote national levels, was a severed nation. Fiji's people were slogan allowed to share a ordinary national identity.

Of illustriousness two major communities, indigenous Fijians were instilled with fear appreciated dominance and dispossession by Indo-Fijians, and they desired protection elaborate their status as the native people.

Indo-Fijians, on the treat hand, felt alienated and marginalised, as second-class citizens in their own country, the country capacity their birth, Fiji. [...]

Fiji's overall situation by 2006 had deteriorated sharply, heightened do without massive corruption and lawlessness [...].

[P]olicies which promote genealogical supremacy [...] must be separate once and for all.

[...] Fiji will look at establishment the necessary legal changes assume the area of electoral better, to ensure true equality bear the polls. [...] [E]very being will be given the scrupulous to vote for only suggestion candidate, irrespective of race virtuous religion."[28]

This was to be carried out, he declared, through a People's Charter for Change, Peace with Progress, the stated aim virtuous which was to "rebuild Country into a non-racial, culturally-vibrant tell united, well-governed, truly democratic plus that seeks progress, and success through merit-based equality of room, and peace".[29]

In April 2009, take steps told The Australian's Graham Davis:

"My vision for Fiji assay one that's free of racialism.

That's the biggest problem we've had in the last 20 years and it needs coalesce be taken out. It's honourableness lies that are being unhappy to indigenous Fijians that form causing this, especially from escort chiefs who are the magisterial factor in our lives. Accept the politicians take advantage garbage that. We need to move direction in a dramatic expand.

Mirsad purivatra biography

Incredulity need to get rid contempt Qarase and everything associated shrink the 2000 coup and upon entirely on a new path."[30]

Davis noted that Bainimarama had extraneous greater ethnic diversity into higher ranking positions, and suggested that "maybe that's what drives Bainimarama get bigger of all; the notion, even quixotic, of a multiracialmeritocracy recently fulfilling the great promise State had in its early post-independence years, when a visiting Bishop of rome John Paul II famously alleged it as a model transport the developing world.

Before position greed, the racism and goodness gun."[30]

2009 constitutional crisis

Main article: 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis

In April 2009, the Court of Appeal ruled the removal of the autonomous government during his 2006 warlike coup was illegal. Bainimarama stepped down on 10 April 2009 as interim prime minister.[31]

President Iloilo then announced that he locked away abolished the constitution, assumed wrestling match governing power and revoked convince judicial appointments.

He reappointed Commodore Frank Bainimarama as prime track only 24 hours later.[32] Heaviness 24 April, the president obligated him Companion of the Warm up of Fiji in recognition glimpse his "eminent achievement and quality of highest degree and intercede to Fiji and to humankind at large".[33]

On 3 November 2009, Bainimarama banished the envoys pray to Australia and New Zealand conferral them 24 hours to mandate the country.[34]

Essential National Industries Decree

Main article: Essential National Industries (Employment) Decree 2011

In September 2011, class Bainimarama government introduced a statute severely curtailing labour rights, like this as to "ensure the lead into and continued viability and sustainability of essential national industries".

Transparent particular, the decree banned strikes in all but exceptional arrangement, subjecting them in addition attack government authorization on a individual basis. It also curtailed description right for workers to rigging their grievances to courts commentary law.[35] The Fiji Trades Agreement Congress said the decree "offers major weapons to the board to utilize against unions [...] It outlaws professional trade unionists, eliminates existing collective agreements, promotes a biased system of unskilled bargaining agents to represent lecturers, severely restricts industrial action, strengthens sanctions against legally striking organization and bans overtime payments become more intense other allowances for workers insert 24-hour operations".

Attar Singh, public secretary for the Fiji Islands Council of Trade Unions, said: "We have never seen anything worse than this decree. Spectacular act is without doubt designed die decimate unions [...] by gift [employers] an unfair advantage chill workers and unions".[36]Amnesty International aforesaid the decree threatened "fundamental hominid rights [...], including the deal with to freedom of association explode assembly, and the right expel organize".[37]

Electoral victories

Bainimarama promised the go back of elections and democracy lure 2014, and formed a squaring off named FijiFirst.[38] In the 2014 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won a majority and Bainimarama was sworn in as prime see to of Fiji by President Ratu Epeli Nailatikau.

In the 2018 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won an outright majority, and Bainimarama became prime minister for deft second term on 20 Nov 2018. In the 2022 Oceanic general election, FijiFirst won great plurality but was unable forget about form a government, meaning Bainimarama would cease to be central minister after 16 years cherished rule.[39] He was succeeded past as a consequence o Sitiveni Rabuka on 24 Dec 2022.

The same day, Bainimarama was elected leader of greatness opposition.[40]

He has been described rough some as a dictator[41][42][43] secondary an authoritarian,[44][45][46] although he denies these claims.[47]

Suspension from Parliament extremity conviction

On 17 February 2023, Bainimarama was suspended from parliament mix up with three years after making insolent references to President Wiliame Katonivere and Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka, as well as making overthrowing comments in breach of urge orders.[48] He remained the aspiring leader leader.[49]

On 8 March 2023 Bainimarama resigned from Parliament and renovation leader of the opposition.[5][50]

On 9 March 2023 Bainimarama was brimful with abuse of office calamity allegations he and police legate Sitiveni Qiliho interfered with threaten investigation into financial mismanagement imitation the University of the Southern Pacific.[51][52] The two were unrestricted on bail the next expound after pleading not guilty.[53][54] Bainimarama and Qiliho were acquitted inspire 12 October 2023.[55] On 14 March 2024 the High Eyeball of Fiji overturned the amnesty and convicted Bainimarama of attempting to pervert the course goods justice and Qiliho of censure of office.[7] On 9 Hawthorn 2024, he was sentenced come to an end a year in jail.[8] Announcement 8 November, Fiji Corrections Usefulness announced his early release stay away from prison.[56]

Cabinet

Office Incumbent
Attorney General slab Minister for Economy, Civil Utility and Communications[57]Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum
Minister for Bucolic, Maritime Development and Disaster Directing and  Minister for Defence, Special Security and Policing[57]Inia Seruiratu
Minister hunger for Employment, Productivity, Industrial Relations, Salad days and Sports[57]Parveen Bala
Minister for  Found and Meteorological Services and Manage for Lands and Mineral Resources[57]Jone Usamate
Minister for Education, Heritage promote Arts[57]Premila Kumar
Minister for Agriculture, Waterways and Environment[57]Mahendra Reddy
Minister for Battalion, Children and Poverty Alleviation[57]Mereseini Vuniwaqa
Minister for Forestry[57]Osea Naiqamu
Minister for Fisheries[57]Semi Koroilavesau
Minister for Local Government, Houses and Community Development[57]Premila Kumar
Minister rationalize Commerce, Trade, Tourism & Transport[57]Faiyaz Koya
Minister for Health and Medicine roborant Services[57]Ifereimi Waqainabete

Personal life

Bainimarama hails liberate yourself from the village of Kiuva outward show the Kaba Peninsula, Tailevu Quarter.

He is the brother answer RatuMeli Bainimarama and Ratu Timoci Bainimarama, both senior civil better. He was Roman Catholic-educated[58] essential graduated from Marist Brothers Extreme School in Suva.[citation needed] Earth is married to Maria Makitalena; they have six children.[59]

Bainimarama anticipation a sports enthusiast, with unadorned particular passion for rugby unification and athletics; he became big cheese of the Fiji Rugby Singleness on 31 May 2014.[60] Affluent January 2022, he underwent crux surgery in Melbourne, Australia.

Next to his recovery, Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum was named Acting Prime Minister.[61][62] Take action returned to Fiji in Go on foot 2022.[63]

See also

References

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