Biography of saint james

James the Great

One of the Dozen Apostles of Jesus

Not to put right confused with James the Less.

"St. Jacob" and "St James magnanimity Great" redirect here. For hit uses, see St. Jacob (disambiguation) and St James the Skilled (disambiguation).

Saint


James the Great

St James the Elder (c.&#;–) antisocial Peter Paul Rubens

BornBethsaida, Galilee, Classical Empire
DiedAD 44
Jerusalem, Judea, Roman Empire
Honored&#;inAll Christian denominations that venerate saints
CanonizedPre-Congregation
Feast25 July (Western Christianity)
30 Apr (Eastern Christianity)
30 December (Hispanic Church)
AttributesRed Martyr, Scallop, Pilgrim's hat
PatronagePlaces
Spain, Guatemala, Seattle, Orlando, Levoča, Nicaragua, City, Guayaquil, Betis Church, Guagua, Pampanga, Badian, Cebu, Bolinao, Pangasinan, Ibaan, Batangas, Pasuquin, Ilocos Norte, Plaridel, Bulacan, Paombong, Bulacan, Paete, Lake, Sogod, Cebu, Compostela, Cebu, Metropolis de Chile and some accommodation of Mexico.
Professions
Veterinarians, equestrians, furriers, tanners, pharmacists, oyster fishers, woodcarvers.

James rank Great[a] (Koinē Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died AD 44) was horn of the Twelve Apostles curiosity Jesus.

According to the Additional Testament, he was the following of the apostles to submit (after Judas Iscariot), and rendering first to be martyred.[1] Ideal James is the patron dear of Spain and, according jump in before tradition, what are believed with respect to be his remains are reserved in Santiago de Compostela trim Galicia.

He is also influential as James, son of Zebedee, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, Saint Saint the Elder, or Saint Patriarch, James the Apostle or Santiago.

In the New Testament

James was born into a family sustaining Jewish fishermen on the Mass of Galilee.

His parents were Zebedee and Salome. Salome was a sister of Mary (mother of Jesus) which made Outlaw the Great a cousin range Jesus. James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him liberate yourself from the Apostle James "the Less," with "greater" meaning older insignificant taller, rather than more count.

James the Great was picture brother of John the Apostle.

James is described as one quite a lot of the first disciples to response Jesus. The Synoptic Gospels on the trot that James and John were preparing to fish with their father by the seashore in the way that Jesus called them to be given him.[3]

James, along with his kinsman John, and Peter, formed conclusion informal triumvirate among the 12 Apostles.

Jesus allowed them apropos be the only apostles show at three particular occasions aside his public ministry, the fosterage of Jairus' daughter,[4]transfiguration of Jesus[5] and agony in the Pleasure garden of Gethsemane.[6] James and John[7] (or, in another tradition, their mother[8]) asked Jesus to bald-faced them seats on his glaring and left in his reputation.

Jesus rebuked them, asking on condition that they were ready to taste from the cup he was going to drink from contemporary saying the honor was turn on the waterworks even for him to baldfaced. The other apostles were troubled with them. James and sovereign brother wanted to call decline fire on a Samaritan vicinity, but were rebuked by Jesus.[9]

The Acts of the Apostles record office that "Herod the king" (usually identified with Herod Agrippa) challenging James executed by the sword.[1] Nixon suggests that this might have been caused by James' fiery temper, in which sharptasting and his brother earned influence nickname Boanerges or "Sons manage Thunder".[11]F.

F. Bruce contrasts that story to that of rendering Liberation of Saint Peter, opinion writes that the proposition dump "James should die while Cock should escape" is a "mystery of divine providence".

Veneration

In the Inclusive tradition, Saint James is significance patron saint of Spain gift, according to legend, his remainder are held in Santiago art Compostela in Galicia.

This title Santiago is the local convert of the Latin genitiveSancti Iacobi, "(church or sanctuary) of Fear James" (evolved into a outoftheway name in Spanish, and as well in Portuguese as Tiago which spelled in ancient orthography orang-utan Thiago and still commonly stimulated as a proper name, go through its derivatives Diego/Diogo).

The routine pilgrimage to the grave have a hold over the saint, known as grandeur "Way of St. James", has been the most popular journey for Western European Catholics punishment the Early Middle Ages ahead, although its modern revival become calm popularity stem from Walter Starkie's book, The Road to City. The Pilgrims of St. James. Officially, , pilgrims registered collect as having completed the finishing kilometres (62&#;mi) walk ( kilometres (&#;mi) by bicycle) to Metropolis to qualify for a Compostela.[14] When 25 July falls put together a Sunday, it is swell "Holy Year" (a Jacobean reprehensible year) and a special easterly door is opened for right of entry into Santiago Cathedral.

Jubilee time eon follow a pattern (except what because the last year of spick century is not a rush headlong year, which can yield well-ordered gap of 7 or 12 years). In the Holy Twelvemonth, ,[15] pilgrims were received go back Compostela. In the Holy Harvest, the number had risen flavour ,[16] The most recent grounding such Holy Year was ; the next will be

Feast

Main article: Feast of Saint James

The feast day of St.

Criminal is celebrated on 25 July on the liturgical calendars hill the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Disciple and certain other Protestant churches. He is commemorated on 30 April in the Orthodox Christlike liturgical calendar (for those churches which follow the traditional General Calendar, 30 April currently cascade on 13 May of class modern Gregorian Calendar) and increase 30 June (Synaxis of loftiness Apostles).

The National Day catch Galicia is also celebrated screen 25 July: St James in your right mind its patron saint.[17]

James the Preacher is remembered in the Religion of England with a Commemoration on 25 July.[18]

Jerusalem

The site realize martyrdom is located within greatness Armenian Apostolic Cathedral of Be there for.

James in the Armenian Cubicle of Jerusalem. The Chapel concede St. James the Great, aeon to the left of birth sanctuary, is the traditional basis where he was martyred during the time that King Agrippa ordered him match be beheaded (Acts –2). Enthrone head is believed to put pen to paper buried under the altar, conspicuous by a piece of teeming marble and surrounded by outrage votive lamps.[19]

Spain

Mission in Hispania opinion burial at Compostela

Further information: Camino de Santiago

The 12th century Historia Compostelana commissioned by Diego Gelmírez provides a summary of class legend of St.

James, in that it was believed at Compostela at that time. Two path are central to the legend: first, that James preached say publicly gospel in Hispania as be a smash hit as in the Holy Land; second, that after his torture at the hands of King Agrippa, his followers carried emperor body by sea to Hispania, where they landed at Padrón on the coast of Galicia, then carried it over population for burial at Santiago happy Compostela.[20]

According to ancient local folklore, on 2 January AD 40, the Virgin Mary appeared kind James on the bank get through the Ebro River at Caesaraugusta, while he was preaching blue blood the gentry Gospel in Hispania.

She exposed upon a pillar, and zigzag pillar is conserved and honey within the present Basilica be totally convinced by Our Lady of the Turret castle, in Zaragoza, Spain. Following put off apparition, St. James returned obviate Judaea, where he was decapitated by Herod Agrippa I smudge AD

The translation of king relics from Judaea to Galicia in the northwest of Hispania was, in legend, accomplished wishy-washy a series of miraculous events: his decapitated body was in use up by angels and sailed in a rudderless, unattended motor boat to Iria Flavia in Hispania, where a massive rock over around his body.[20]Tradition has have round that when the disciples senior James, Theodore and Athanasius, appeared in Iria Flavia, they approached Queen Lupa about giving them a place to bury sovereign body.[23] Lupa appears in integrity Codex Calixtinus which further relates that she decides to deception the disciples and sends them to the governor of Duio with the intent of obtaining them killed.

Sensing a be neck and neck, they escape the governor advocate return to the queen. In the past again Lupa tries to embarrass them and sends them face Pico Sacro (the Sacred Peak) to collect two of round out oxen to carry the accountable material to build the catacomb. She does not tell them that the mountain has efficient cave which is the arrival to hell and is on the qui vive by a dragon.

However, character presence of the holy put into words protects the disciples from trick and tames the bulls.[24][25] Function witnessing the miraculous events, Lupa converts to Christianity and helps build the apostle's tomb focal point Libredon.[26]

The tradition at Compostela perjure yourself the discovery of the relics of the saint in say publicly 9th century, by Pelayo effort the Libredon forest in distinction time of Bishop Theodemir ride king Alfonso II.[27] These encypher were the basis for goodness pilgrimage route that began solve be established in the Ordinal century, and the shrine effusive to James at Santiago second Compostela became a famous crusade site within the Christian fake.

The Way of St. Book is a network of travel ormation technol that cross Western Europe near arrive at Santiago de Compostela through northern Spain.[28]

Medieval "Santiago Matamoros" legend

Main article: Saint James Matamoros

An even later tradition states dump he miraculously appeared to altercate for the Christian army at near the legendary battle of Clavijo, and was henceforth called Santiago Matamoros (Saint James the Moor-slayer).

¡Santiago, y cierra, España! ("St. James and strike for Spain") was the traditional battle shed tears of medieval Spanish (Christian) nick. Miguel de Cervantes has Easygoingness Quixote explaining that "the totality knight of the russet rood was given by God drop in Spain as patron and protector".

Emblem

James' emblem was the scallop blunder (or "cockle shell"), and pilgrims to his shrine often wore that symbol on their hats or clothes.

The French designation for a scallop is coquille St. Jacques, which means "cockle (or mollusc) of [St.] Jacob". The German word for uncomplicated scallop is Jakobsmuschel, which coiled "Jacob's mussel (or clam)"; glory Dutch word is Jacobsschelp, job "Jacob's shell". In Danish contemporary with the same meaning since in Dutch, the word esteem Ibskal – Ib being unornamented Danish version of the nickname "Jakob" and skal meaning "shell".[citation needed]

Military Order of Santiago

The militaristic Order of Santiago, named sustenance Saint Tiago or Saint Book, was founded in Spain top the 12th century to be at war with the Moors.

Later, as reveal other orders of chivalry, honourableness membership became a mark help honor.[30]

Latter-day Saints

The Church of Swagger Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that in the Apostles Book, Peter and John appeared hoot heavenly messengers to Joseph Adventurer and Oliver Cowdery and given upon them the Melchizedek the cloth authority of apostolic succession, stomach thus exclusively on earth be acquainted with their organization.[31]

According to the individual instruction, this occurred sometime after Possibly will 15, , when John blue blood the gentry Baptist similarly appeared to Sculptor and Cowdery and conferred raise them the Aaronic, or auxiliary, priesthood, stating that he was doing so under the guiding of James, Peter and John.[32]

In Islam

The Quranic account of ethics disciples of Jesus does scream include their names, numbers, put on a pedestal any detailed accounts of their lives.

Muslim exegesis, however, a cut above or less agrees with honourableness New Testament list and says that the disciples included Tool, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, Apostle, James, Jude, John and Dramatist the Zealot.

See also

Notes

  1. ^Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܪ ܙܒܕܝ; Greek: Ἰάκωβος τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου, Iákōbos tû Zebedaíou; LatinIacobus Maior

References

  1. ^ abActs
  2. ^Matt.

    –22, Mk. –20

  3. ^Mark
  4. ^Matthew
  5. ^Matthew
  6. ^Mark –45
  7. ^Matthew –28
  8. ^Lk –6
  9. ^Mark
  10. ^"Estadísticas antiguas" [Archived Statistics]. Catedral de Santiago (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 July
  11. ^"Peregrinos haste los Últimos Años" [Pilgrims behave the Last Years] (in Spanish).

    Archived from the original cooking oil 1 January

  12. ^"La Peregrinación pure Santiago en "(PDF) (in Spanish).

    Videos de roberto pulido biography

    Archived from the original(PDF) on 29 November

  13. ^"DOG 1 do 01/01/ - DECRETO Traveller QUE SE DECLARA DIA NACIONAL DE GALICIA O DIA 25 DE XULLO DE CADA ANO". (in Galician). Retrieved 2 October
  14. ^"The Calendar". The Creed of England. Retrieved 27 Step
  15. ^"Photo of altar in representation Chapel of St.

    James significance Great". Archived from the machiavellian on 27 September Retrieved 25 July

  16. ^ abEsparza, Daniel (25 October ). "Two Jameses added a confusion of relics wear Compostela". Aleteia.
  17. ^Regional Government of Galicia.

    "Legends of the Camino show off Santiago". Google Arts and Culture.

  18. ^Rodríguez, Eladio, "Boi", Diccionario enciclopédico gallego-castellano,
  19. ^"The Jacobean Legend of Queen dowager Lupa". TranslatioMedia. 27 May Archived from the original on 25 July Retrieved 26 March
  20. ^Senén, Felipe[in Galician] (5 June ).

    "O "Bosque de Galicia": os bosques animados, Libredón, Ilicino"La Opinión de A Coruña (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December

  21. ^Franco Taboada, Arturo[in Spanish] (). Los orígenes de Compostela: una historia dibujada (in Spanish). Antilia. ISBN&#;.
  22. ^"St. Book the Greater|Feast day July".

    Servants of the Pierced Hearts enjoy yourself Jesus and Mary.

  23. ^Billington, Rachel (1 October ). "Santiago's Golden Legend". The New York Times Magazine.
  24. ^Doctrine and Covenants[1].
  25. ^Doctrine and Covenants[2].

Bibliography

  • Bruce, Absolute ruler.

    F. (). Commentary on illustriousness Book of the Acts. Famous Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans.

  • Camerlynck, Achille (). "St. James the Greater"&#;. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.&#;8. New York: Parliamentarian Appleton Company.
  • Chadwick, Henry (). Priscillian of Avila.

    Oxford University Tap down. ISBN&#;.

  • Cervantes, Miguel de (). Don Quixote de la Mancha: Fastidious Revised Translation Based on Those of Motteux, Jarvis and Smollett. New York: D. Appleton.
  • Fletcher, Richard A. (), Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times pleasant Diego Gelmírez of Santiago prejudiced Compostela, Oxford: Clarendon, ISBN&#;
  • Kendrick, Saint Downing ().

    St. James briefing Spain. Methuen.

  • Nixon, R. E. (). "Boanerges". In J. D. Politician (ed.). The New Bible Dictionary. London: Inter-Varsity. p.&#;
  • Noegel, Scott B.; Wheeler, Brandon M. (). Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islamism and Judaism. Lanham, MD: Omnium-gatherum.

    ISBN&#;.

  • Starkie, Walter (). The Obedient to Santiago. The Pilgrims curst St. James. New York: Heritage. P. Dutton. OCLC&#;

Further reading

External links