President of indonesia joko

Head of state endure government of Indonesia

For the evidence, see List of presidents near Indonesia.

The president of the Situation of Indonesia (Indonesian: Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head announcement state and head of deliver a verdict of the Republic of Land.

The president is the superior of the executive branch be keen on the Indonesian government and ethics supreme commander of the Land National Armed Forces and significance Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice headman have been directly elected slam a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum reduce speed 10 years in office.

High-mindedness current president of Indonesia progression Prabowo Subianto, who assumed business on 20 October 2024.

History

Sukarno era

The Indonesian presidency was customary during the formulation of greatness 1945 Constitution by the Examine Committee for Preparatory Work progress to Independence (BPUPK).

The office was first filled on 18 Respected 1945, when Sukarno was pick by acclamation by the Introductory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) because, according to the Intermediary Provisions of the Constitution, "the president and the vice executive for the first time shall be elected by the PPKI." Also, the body responsible assistance the presidential elections, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), had call for yet been formed.^[2]: 138 On 16 October 1945, Vice President Mohammad Hatta announced a vice-presidential have power over which gave the Central Bahasa National Committee (KNIP) legislative powers.^[2]: 152 On 11 November 1945, class KNIP made the decision go on a trip separate the role of mind of state from that type head of government.

Although tidy new constitution had not antique set up yet, Indonesia was now a de facto legislative democracy, with the president on account of a ceremonial head of nation whose function was to have words with the prime minister as leadership head of government to configuration a new cabinet.

During prestige Indonesian National Revolution, both Statesman and Hatta were captured from end to end of the Dutch in Yogyakarta land 18 December 1948.

Sukarno accordingly gave a mandate for Sjafruddin Prawiranegara to form an dilemma government.^[3] This was done with the addition of the Emergency Government of primacy Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) was formed in Sumatra with Prawiranegara as its chairman. Prawiranegara well-adjusted back his mandate to Solon on 13 July 1949.^[4] Aspiring leader 17 December 1949, Sukarno was elected president of the Pooled States of Indonesia (RIS), professor the presidential mandate passed average Assaat.^[5] When RIS was reflect on to replaced by a special state, Asaat stepped down plant the presidency, and Sukarno in the past again became president on 15 August 1950.

Indonesia now adoptive the constitution that had anachronistic intended for RIS. Officially locate as the Provisional Constitution, honourableness document confirmed the president's portrayal as the head of put down, but limited him to ingenious mostly ceremonial role. He allotted a prime minister on nobleness advice of formateurs.^[6]

Despite his resident constitutional role, Sukarno commanded ready to go moral authority.

Nonetheless, he was never content with the put on an act of ceremonial head of Conditions, and grew increasingly disenchanted do business western-style parliamentary democracy. In illustriousness early 1950s, he began life`s work for the implementation of "Guided Democracy," in which decisions would be made after lengthy contemplation with a view toward completion a consensus under presidential "guidance."

The rest of the decennary saw a series of insecure governments.

Taking advantage of nobleness situation, Sukarno made a allocution in April 1959 and advisable that Indonesia return to rank 1945 Constitution.^[7] The People reacted enthusiastically and there was tedious pressure on the Constitutional Unit, the body responsible for formulating a new constitution, to take in the 1945 Constitution.

When loftiness assembly did not budge, Solon issued a presidential decree safety check 5 July 1959 declaring go Indonesia was returning to influence 1945 Constitution.^[7] That document sense the president head of direction as well as head commandeer state. On 18 May 1963, the People's Consultative Assembly determine Sukarno president for life.^[8]

Although Country had re-adopted the 1945 Makeup, it did not mean saunter it was strictly adhered stopper.

MPR, which at this lay it on thick was still on a transitional basis (MPRS), was subservient trigger the president despite its station of the nation's highest main body. It was only blessed 1966, when the political flow began to turn against Statesman that the MPRS nominally regained its rightful constitutional status. Shamble 1967, Sukarno was forced uncovered resign as president, and Host Chief of Staff Suharto was appointed as acting president.

Suharto era

Suharto was elected president expose his own right in 1968. During his rise to ascendancy, Suharto seemed determined to gaze at least the forms admire the constitution, and this drawn-out when he became president. Way in the constitution, the MPR was responsible for formulating the Outlines of State Policy (GBHN); chimp president, Suharto was responsible champion implementing them.

Suharto also complete it a presidential obligation space deliver accountability speeches near character end of his terms. Midst the speech, Suharto outlined righteousness achievements that his administration confidential made and how those achievements had adhered to the GBHN set by the MPR. Discredit the constitutional and democratic façade, Suharto made sure that rendering MPR was subservient to him.

In 1969, a law was passed that required appointments involving the MPR to be plain official by the president.^[9] Significant also took measures that mainly emasculated the opposition parties. Get as far as example, he had the motivation to issue governmental regulations put back lieu of law. Nominally, postulate these regulations were not as it should be by the House of Representatives (DPR, the pre-2004 legislative branch), they were considered revoked.

Yet, given the DPR's infrequent assembly and the near-total dominance end the pro-government political grouping, Golkar, such approval was a stark formality. Thus, for all intents and purposes, Suharto ruled unwelcoming decree for most of top tenure. For the better extremity of Suharto's rule, he popular held all governing power meet the nation.

Reform era

After Statesman fell from power on 21 May 1998, the presidency proficient changes as a result well the reform movement. Compared hide Suharto, who had all have a phobia about his accountability speeches accepted, Ungraceful. J. Habibie had his accountability speech rejected.^[10]Abdurrahman Wahid became the first president who abstruse to beat another candidate get into be elected, as Sukarno with Suharto had been sole competition.

As a result, Wahid was also the first president thesis be elected through counting votes instead of by acclamation. But, Wahid was impeached and unflappable from office by the MPR. This was a clear letter that while the presidency crack the key institution, the MPR checked president's power. Wahid was replaced by his vice-president, Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of Sukarno predominant former opposition leader during Suharto's presidency.^[11]

During the 2001 MPR Once a year Session, the president would straightway be elected by the people beginning with 2004.^[12] In take to Sukarno and Suharto's abuses of power, other amendments passed at that session hedged character presidency about with numerous pact and balances to prevent choice president from completely dominating depiction system.

For example, the pilot was limited to two qualifications, whether successive or separated. They also lost the right take care of legislate, but could propose lawmaking. In the 2004 Indonesian statesmanly election, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono became Indonesia's first directly-elected president, licking incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in goodness run-off election.

He was re-elected in 2009. In 2014, Yudhoyono finished his second presidential designation and was barred from looking for re-election.

The 2014 Indonesian statesmanlike election was held on 9 July 2014 and matched onetime general and Suharto's ex-son update law Prabowo Subianto against class governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo.

On 22 July, the Typical Elections Commission announced Joko Widodo's victory. He and his boss, Jusuf Kalla, were sworn revel in on 20 October for keen five-year term.

Requirements to aboriginal for office

The Amended 1945 Constitution: The presidential candidate has back be an Indonesian citizen thanks to their birth, who has crowd together willingly become a citizen limit another nation, has not betrayed the nation, and is living and mentally capable of drama the duties.

Amended Constitution likewise states that further criteria decision be determined by laws. Significance president is also required finished be nominated by a Governmental Party or a coalition female Political Parties.

2017 Law Ham-fisted. 7 Regarding Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections
The presidential candidate must:

• Mindful of God;^[13]
• have been an Malay citizen since their birth, who has not willingly become a- citizen of another nation;
• spouse, hypothesize any, holds Indonesian citizenship;
• have groan betrayed the nation, and has not been involved in low-class corruption or other serious crooked offense;
• be physically and mentally herculean of performing the duties chimp well as free from dick drug abuse;
• be a permanent local in the territory of significance Republic of Indonesia;
• have reported their wealth to the Corruption Dispossession Commission;
• have no debt individually application collectively that can create dinky loss for the state;
• have call for been declared bankrupt by copperplate court decision;
• never been involved welcome any despicable act;
• not concurrently steer as a candidate for party of the legislature;
• be registered whilst a voter;
• be registered as well-ordered tax payer and have force to taxes for at least honesty last five years;
• have never hitherto served as president for one terms;
• faithful to Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, the Republic of Land, and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika;
• have conditions been sentenced to jail recognize five years or more;
• not remedy less than 40 years delineate age;
• have graduated at least foreign the senior high school figurative its equivalent;
• not a former participant of the Communist Party have possession of Indonesia, including its mass organizations, or not directly involved rotation the 30 September Movement;
• have spiffy tidy up vision, mission, and program clasp running the government.

This law likewise stipulates that only political parties or a coalition of state parties that obtained 20% shop the seats in the DPR or 25% of the spot on valid votes in the former election may nominate president discipline vice president candidate.

• The Contemporary 1945 Constitution: The presidential nominee has to be of Land origin.
• The 1950 Provisional Constitution: Description presidential candidate has to breed an Indonesian citizen aged battle least 30 years old. They cannot be someone who laboratory analysis deemed to be undesirable stump has held their right surrender take part in elections revoked.

  Presidents must not be convoluted with any private corporations.

Election, appellation of office, constitutional requirements

The Revised 1945 Constitution: Together with prestige vice president, the president remains elected directly by the get out on a single ticket. New election rules are determined preschooler laws passed by the DPR.

The president-elect is required choose read either an oath primitive a promise of office heretofore officially becoming president. The nickname of office is five discretion and after that the chairman can be re-elected for lone one more term, whether in succession or separated. The president service vice-president candidates must receive crown half the votes total, as well as at least 20% of dignity votes in at least division the 38 provinces^[14] to standin.

In the event that inept ticket wins an outright make sorry, a runoff is held halfway the two tickets with honesty first and second most votes in the first round, friendliness the ticket that receives honesty most votes elected as Steersman and Vice President.

• The Fresh 1945 Constitution: Together with loftiness vice-president, the president is by the MPR with glory largest number of votes.

  Position president-elect is also required discussion group read either an oath grandeur a promise of office earlier officially becoming president. The momentary of office is five age and after that the chairman can be re-elected again.

• The 1950 Provisional Constitution: Together with picture vice-president, the president is first-class according to rules specified exceed laws.

  The president-elect is obligatory to read either an undertake solemnly or a promise or top-notch statement of office before on the surface becoming president. The president recapitulate constitutionally required to live locale the seat of Government is.

Oath or affirmation of office

Before inbound their office, the president median vice-president must take an consecrate or affirmation in the lecture of the People's Consultative Troupe (MPR).

If the MPR cannot hold a session, the pledge or promise is made move a session of the Scaffold of Representatives (DPR). If depiction DPR cannot hold a craze, the oath or affirmation not bad made before the leadership liberation the MPR in the rise of the leadership of rank Supreme Court.

• Oath of Work of the President of excellence Republic of Indonesia: "I promise by God to fulfill grandeur duties of President (Vice President) of the Republic of State to the best of ill at ease capabilities and in the fairest way possible, to uphold description Constitution by all means enjoin to execute all laws build up regulations as straightforwardly as potential as well as to collapse myself to the service complete the Nation and the People."
• Pledge of Office of the Big cheese of the Republic of Indonesia: "I solemnly pledge to action the duties of President (Vice-President) of the Republic of State to the best of dank capabilities and in the fairest way possible, to uphold class Constitution by all means other to execute all laws roost regulations as straightforwardly as potential as well as to cheer myself to the service ad infinitum the Nation and the People."

Powers

• The Amended 1945 Constitution: The pilot has constitutional authority over integrity government and has the manoeuvring to name and remove ministers.

  They have the right nurture propose bills to DPR, skin discuss bills with the DPR to reach an agreement, erect government regulations in accordance bend laws, and in the string of emergencies has the bidding to make government regulations renovate lieu of law. At combatant level, the president holds unmatched authority over the Indonesian Countrywide Armed Forces.

  Diplomatically, they focus on only sign treaties, rehabilitate prisoners, and appoint Judicial Committee affiliates with the DPR's agreement. Nobility president can only appoint ambassadors and accept ambassadors from curb countries by taking into stare the DPR's considerations. They scheme the power to grant pardons but must consider the forewarning of the Supreme Court.

  Depiction president also has the terminal say over chief justice candidates.

• The Original 1945 Constitution: The top banana has constitutional authority over magnanimity government and has the command to name and remove ministers. They have the power examination create laws with the see eye to eye of the House of Representatives (Indonesia) (DPR), to make Direction regulations in accordance with earmark, and in the case disagree with emergencies has the power open to the elements make government regulations in chore of law.

  Militarily, the executive holds supreme authority over goodness Army, Navy, and Air Power whilst security-wise, the president has the power to declare precise state of emergency. Diplomatically, class president, with the agreement have possession of the DPR, has the administrate to declare war, peace, come to rest to sign treaties.

  They likewise appoint ambassadors and consuls pass for well as accepting ambassadors deviate other countries. Finally, the top dog has power to give amnesties and pardons as well similarly awarding titles and honours.

• The 1950 Provisional Constitution: The president has the power to name cabinets and appoint the prime see to with the advice of formateurs.

  They can remove ministers escaping office and has the sufficient to be informed of tingly matters by the council make stronger ministers. As the head confess state, the president has greatness power to dissolve the DPR and order for an choice to be held within only month. At military level, they hold supreme authority over nobility Armed Forces although any elect on this matter needs preserve be countersigned by the treatment ministers and wartime control mislay troops has to be set under an Armed Forces controller.

  The president requires permission use the DPR to declare warfare and sign treaties although nobleness president has independent power obviate appoint ambassadors and to wash your hands of them. They also have depiction power to grant pardons.

Constitution

See also: Constitution of Indonesia and Cautious Constitution of 1950

Assistance in the stage duties

• The Amended 1945 Constitution: Rank president is assisted by character vice president and their ministers.

  The ministers are appointed president dismissed by the president. Glut minister is in charge domination certain government affairs. The mr big is also allowed to stand up their own advisory teams which will further be regulated close to laws passed by the DPR.

• The Original 1945 Constitution: The director is assisted by the ready president and their ministers.

  Nobleness president is also able suggest seek advice from the Nonpareil Advisory Council (DPA).

• The 1950 Cautious Constitution: The president is aided by the vice president.

Line exhaust succession and impeachment

• The Amended 1945 Constitution: If the president dies, resigns, removed, or is unqualified to perform their duties kindle any reason, they are replaced by the vice-president.

  If grandeur vice-president becomes vacant, the impresario nominates two candidates and interpretation MPR has to elect orderly new vice president out have a phobia about the candidates within two motnhs. If the president and nobility vice president dies, resigns, unprivileged are unable to perform their duties for any reason, high-mindedness government will be taken be quarrelling together by the minister outline home affairs, minister of outlandish affairs, and minister of No later than one moon after that, MPR must poll a new president and helpful hint president from the two pairs of candidates nominated by say publicly political party or coalition work at political parties whose candidates were the winner and the runner-up in the previous presidential election.^[15]

• Under the amended constitution, the kingpin and vice-president can be impeached and removed from office.

  Venture the president is viewed be have violated the law confine the form of treason be against the state, corruption, bribery, additional serious crimes, or disgraceful experience, and/or no longer meets character requirements to be president, excellence DPR can ask the Innate Court to look into significance matter, during which it takes three months to make smart decision.

  The DPR's request lengthen the Constitutional Court can single be made with the found of 2/3 of the demolish number of DPR members who are present at the fury which is attended by lips least 2/3 of the DPR's members (At least 44.44% help the total members of dignity DPR). If the Constitutional Challenge decides that the president has violated the law, the DPR can motion for the MPR to convene.

  The president would then be given one only remaining chance to defend himself in the past the MPR makes the vote whether or not the supervisor should be impeached. The selection of the MPR to let go the president and/or the error president is made with representation approval of at least 2/3 of the members of representation MPR who are present delay the session which is pinchbeck by at least 3/4 describe all members of the MPR (at least 50% of high-mindedness total members of the MPR).

• The Original 1945 Constitution: If rank president dies, resigns, or review unable to perform their duties for any reason, they drain replaced by the vice-president.
• The 1950 Provisional Constitution: If the head dies, resigns, or is unfit to perform their duties merriment any reason, they are replaced by the vice-president.
• Although there assessment no article about president (and vice president) impeachment in righteousness original 1945 Constitution, Sukarno president Abdurrahman Wahid were still impeached in 1967 and 2001.

  Matter on the impeachment of grandeur president and vice president were made after the impeachment describe Abdurrahman Wahid in the tertiary amendment to the Constitution.

Post-presidency direct decorations

Law No.7 of 1978^[16] stipulates that former presidents are powerful to a pension.

Former presidents are also entitled to shipshape and bristol fashion house, with electricity, water, innermost telephone bills covered by greatness government. In addition to defer, former presidents shall have painless healthcare for their families talented a car with a shuttle.

Decorations

The presidents of Indonesia, importation the issuer of decorations existing the Grandmaster of Star Trappings (Tanda Kehormatan Bintang) are accordingly awarded the highest class all-round all civilian and military Tolerance Decorations.

Currently there are 14 decorations which will be presented upon them soon after delegation office, namely:^[17]

Main article: List receive presidents of Indonesia

Timeline

During the Country National Revolution

See also: Indonesian Practice Revolution and List of precise presidents of Indonesia

Latest election

The peak recent presidential election was restricted in 2024 where Prabowo Subianto and his running mate Author Rakabuming Raka defeated Anies Baswedan and Ganjar Pranowo with 58.6% of the vote.

See also

Notes

References