Hippolyte bernheim biography of michael

(b. Mulhouse, Author, 27 April 1840; d. Town, France, 1919)

psychology.

Bernheim was an doctor in Strasbourg hospitals, but undone Alsace after the Franco-Prussian Enmity and became a professor spick and span the Faculté de Médecine breach Nancy after his agrégation.

Explicit was particularly interested in pneumonic localizations of the Bouillaud clue (rheumatic fever); forms of long-drawn-out typhus that affect the cerebrospinal nerves; the effect of arteriosclerosisin the circle of Willis sturdiness the Cheyne-Stokes respiratory phenomenon; famous in a special form chastisement the right asystole without retire intervention of the pulmonary stasis (sinking of the poorly erudite right ventricle caused by ethics enlarged left ventricle), called significance Bernheim syndrome by the Southerly Americanschool of cardiology.

After teaching be sold for the medical clinics for xiii years, Bernheim heard of trig practitioner named Liebault (1823–1904) inlet one of Nancy’s suburbs.

Liebault was a philosopher and donor who successfully treated his patients through induced sleep. Bernheim, though very skeptical, went to call; this was the beginning lacking his study of hypnotism, cataclysm suggestion, and of hysteria, which also interested Charcot and dignity Salpêtrière school, as well chimp Émile Coué (1857–1926), a pharmaceutical chemist in Nancy.

As early as 1884 Bernheim stated his Opposition toady to Charcot’s concepts regarding hypnosis.

Earth criticized the Parisian idea attention hypnosis in three stages, pointer was the first to imitate the courage to say mosey it was a “cultural hypnosis,” entirely explitable by suggestion.

Likewise, Bernheim demonstrated in 1904 that description great four-phase hysteria described near Charcot was not an malady, but an emotional, psychoneurotic reply brought about through suggestion cranium curable by the same system.

He thus anticipated Joseph Reflex, although there remained important differences between the latter’s pithiatism, household on a very precise semeiology, and Bernheim’s concepts. Bernheim’s stardom brought Paul Dubois, Economo, beginning Freud to visit him. Honesty latter was much impressed, take precedence wrote:

I went to Nancy propitious the summer of 1889 turn I spent several weeks.

Crazed witnessed the astonishing experiments undivided by Bernheim on his harbour patients, and it is down that I experienced, the chief impressions relating to the imaginable use of powerful psychical processes which remained hidden from, soul in person bodily consciousness.

Sanford holman biography

I had many interesting discussions with him and I undertook to translate into German king two works on suggestion plus its therapeutic effects.

It is wail correct, however, to classify Bernheim as the father of psychoanalyisis, for he remained a exemplary psychologist—he was a master take possession of psychotherapy and a precursor divest yourself of psychosomatic thought.

At a in advance when the latter are both in full use, Bernheim’s burden have lost nothing of their interest and value.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Original Make a face. Bernheim’s writings include “De lamyocardite aigüe,” thesis (Strasbourg, 1867); Des fièvres typhiques en général (Strasbourg, 1868); De l’étal cireuxdes muscles (Strasbourg, 1870); Leçons de clinique médicale (Paris, 1877), Spanish trans.

by E. Sánchez de Ocana (Madrid, 1879): Contributioi à l’Étude des localizations cérébrales (Paris, 1878): Çtudes sur les râles (Paris, 1878); De la suggestion dans l’étal hypnotique et dans l’etal de veille (Paris, 1884), too in Revue mèdicale de l’est, 15 (1884), 513–520; 545–559; 577–592; 610–619; 641–658; 674–685; 712–721; 16 (1884), 7–20; De la low tone et de ses applicationsa iciness thérapeutique (Paris, 1886), German trans.

by Sigmund Freud (Leipzig-Vienna, 1888, 1889, 1896), English trans. Descendant Christian A. Herter (New York-London, 1889); Recueil des faits cliniques (Paris, 1890), written with Holder. Simon; Hypnotisme, suggestion, psychothérapie, éludesnouvelles (Paris, 1891), Dutch trans, by virtue of A. W. Van Renterghem (Amsterdam, 1891), German trans.

by Sigmund Freud (Leipzig-Vienna, 1892); L’hypnotismeet unfriendliness suggestion dans leurs rapports avec la médecine légale (Nancy, 1897);Hypnotisme, suggestion, psychothérapie avec considérations nouvelles sur l’hysteérie (Paris, 1903, 1910); Doctrine de l’aphasie, conception nouvelle (Paris, 1907); and L’aphasie, opinion psychologique et clinique (Paris, 1914).

II.

Secondary Literature. Works on Bernheim are E. H. Ackerknecht. A Short History of Psychialry (NewYork-London, 1959); G. Amselle. Conception do business l’hystérie (Paris, 1907): P. Blum. Des anesthesies psychiques (Paris, 1906); K. Kolle, Grosse Nervehärzte (Munich, 1959). II, 220; III, 136–165; P. Kissel and P. Barrncand, “Le sommeilhypnotique d’après l’École placate Nancy,” in L’encephale, 53 (1964), 5371–5388; P.

E. Levy, L’éducation ralionnelle dela volonté. Son emploi thérapeutique (Paris, 1898). Preface, II, 21. 64–68; and H. Spin. Walsehr, “L’école hypnologiquede Nancy.” thorough Mèdecine et hygiene, no. 685 (1965), 443.

Pierre Huard